What is the correct inner-to-outer order of retinal layers?

What is the correct inner-to-outer order of retinal layers?

• A. ILM, Nerve Fiber Layer, Ganglion Cell Layer, Inner Plexiform Layer, Inner Nuclear Layer, Outer Plexiform Layer, Outer Nuclear Layer, Rods and Cones, RPE, Choroid
• B. ILM, Nerve Fiber Layer, Inner Plexiform Layer, Ganglion Cell Layer, Inner Nuclear Layer, Outer Plexiform Layer, Outer Nuclear Layer, Rods and Cones, RPE, Choroid
• C. ILM, Nerve Fiber Layer, Ganglion Cell Layer, Inner Nuclear Layer, Inner Plexiform Layer, Outer Plexiform Layer, Outer Nuclear Layer, Rods and Cones, RPE, Choroid
• D. ILM, Ganglion Cell Layer, Nerve Fiber Layer, Inner Plexiform Layer, Inner Nuclear Layer, Outer Plexiform Layer, Outer Nuclear Layer, Rods and Cones, RPE, Choroid

Answer: (A)

Retina is organized from the inside opening toward the outside in a defined sequence that reflects both boundaries and connectivity. The innermost boundary with the vitreous is the internal limiting membrane, followed by the nerve fiber layer which contains the axons of retinal ganglion cells. Next is the ganglion cell layer itself, composed of the cell bodies of those same ganglion cells. The inner plexiform layer lies next, where bipolar cells, amacrine cells, and ganglion cells form synapses. Then the inner nuclear layer, housing the cell bodies of bipolar, horizontal, and amacrine cells, appears before the outer plexiform layer, where photoreceptors connect to bipolar and horizontal cells. The outer nuclear layer contains the cell bodies of the rods and cones, and just outside that are the photoreceptor outer segments (rods and cones) adjacent to the retinal pigment epithelium. Beneath the photoreceptors sits the RPE, and finally the choroid lies deepest. This order matches the actual neural pathways from photoreceptors through bipolar and ganglion cells to the optic nerve, with each layer serving a specific site of synapse or cell body for the next step in signal transmission.

Retina is organized from the inside opening toward the outside in a defined sequence that reflects both boundaries and connectivity. The innermost boundary with the vitreous is the internal limiting membrane, followed by the nerve fiber layer which contains the axons of retinal ganglion cells. Next is the ganglion cell layer itself, composed of the cell bodies of those same ganglion cells. The inner plexiform layer lies next, where bipolar cells, amacrine cells, and ganglion cells form synapses. Then the inner nuclear layer, housing the cell bodies of bipolar, horizontal, and amacrine cells, appears before the outer plexiform layer, where photoreceptors connect to bipolar and horizontal cells. The outer nuclear layer contains the cell bodies of the rods and cones, and just outside that are the photoreceptor outer segments (rods and cones) adjacent to the retinal pigment epithelium. Beneath the photoreceptors sits the RPE, and finally the choroid lies deepest. This order matches the actual neural pathways from photoreceptors through bipolar and ganglion cells to the optic nerve, with each layer serving a specific site of synapse or cell body for the next step in signal transmission.